The different types of cutting fluids

THE DIFFERENT TYPES CUTTING FLUIDS 

.state the function of the cutting fluids

. compare the characteristics of soluble oil/synthetic oils and neat cutting oils

. state the method of soluble oil

. state the application of soluble oil, synthetic oil and neat cutting oil

Cutting Fluids(coolants)

Cutting fluids play an important role in reducing the wear of cutting tools.

They helps to

Carry away the heat generated during cutting operations

Flush away the chips from the cutting point

Maintain accurate diemensions

Produce good quality finish

Prevent corrosion

Operate machines on a high cutting speed and feed.

Cutting fluids of different types are available, but only those commonly used explain.

Soluble oil

Soluble oil is the most popular variety of cutting fluid. Soluble oils of diffent types are available. This is an emulsified oil, which, when mixed with water, is an excellent cutting fluid. Soluble oil is comparatively cheap, and can be used for a number of machining operations.

Soluble oil should be mixed correctly and the proportions of oil and water as recommended by the manufacturer should be strictly followed.

It may be noted that for preparing a stable emulsion, oil should always be added to the water and not vice versa. While mixing, it should be continuously stirred.

Indian oil corporation produces three types of soluble cutting oils

SERVO CUT 'S', SERVO CUT XL and SERVO CUT CLEAR

Servo cut s oil when mixed with water, forms a milky emulsion. This oil has high cooling and lubricating properties. It is capable of minimizing tool-wear and improving the surface finish. This oil is recommended for a variety of cutting operations of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It is used in a concentration of 5% for general machining operations, and for grinding, more dilute emulsions are prepared.

Servo cut XL is a superior quality soluble oil. This, when mixed with water, forms an opaque emulsion. This oil gives good performance in hard water.

Servo Cut Clear oil, when mixed with water and used, will give clear visibility during machining. This has excellent cooling and lubrication properties, and is capable of ensuring long tool life and improved surface  finish.

Oil cutting fluids can casue metal cutting to 'clog' in operations like fine grinding where fine particles of metal are removed. To overcome this, non oily synthetic soluble cutting oils(chemical solution )are used.

Using the correct cutting fluid while machining is important for maintaining tool life, efficiency in cutting and for obtaining good quality surface finish.

Synthetic soluble cutting oils

These oils consist basically of a mixture of chemical which are soluble in water and are mainly used as grinding coolants. These oils have high anti-rust properties. The cutting fluids of this type are SERVOSYNTH 2 and SERVOSYNTH 5

Servosynth 2 is recommended for grinding ferrous metals, high nickel and titanium alloys only.

Servosynth 5 is suitable for grinding iorn, steel,non alloyed and nickel  chrome steel.

These oils are not recommended for machining of non ferrous metals.