Iron hand rail


 

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VERNIER CALIPERS

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  Parts of a vernier calipers A vernier caliper is a precision measuring instruments. It is used to measure up to an accuracy of 0.02mm.The parts of  a vernier caliper fixed jaws(1 and 2) are parts of the beam scale. One jaw is used for taking external measurements, and the other for internal measurements. Movable jaws(3and4): movable jaws are part of the vernier slide. One jaw is used for external measurements, and the other for internal measurements Vernier slide(5) :A vernier slide moves over the beam and can be set in any position by means of a spring loaded thumb lever beam(6): The vernier slide, and the depth bar attached to it, slide over the beam. The graduation on the beam are called the main scale division. depth bar(7): The depth bar is attached to the vernier slide and is used for depth measurement. Thumb lever(8): The thumb lever is a spring loaded lever which helps to set the vernier slab in any position on the beam scale. vernier scale (9): The vernier scale is ...
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LATHE-Head stock and Lathe Bed

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Head stock and lathe bed . function of the headstock . differentiate between cone pully headstock and all geared headstock Function Provide a means to assemble the work holding devices. Transmit the drive from the main motor to the work. Accommodate shafts, gears and levers for a wide range of varyingwork speeds. Ensure arrangement for lubricating the gears, shafts and bearings. Types of headstocks All geared headstock Cone pulley drive headstock All geared headstock It is box section casting having a removable top cover. It has internal webs for stiffening, and to take shaft bearing. It has an input shaft which is connected by means of V belts to the main moto, and it runs at a constant speed. It is equipped with clutches and a brake. There may be two or more intermediate shafts on which sliding gears are mounted. The main spindle is the last driven shaft in the headstock assembly. The nose of the spindle is outside the headstock casting, and is designed to accommodate the work holdin...
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RIVET AND RIVETING

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Specify rivets The common types of rivets and state their uses Rivets are cylindercal rods having heads of various shapes. Theys are used for assembling the parts of a workpiece together. Specification of a rivet The rivet is specified by the shape of the head diameter, and the length. Shape of head The shape of the rivet head is to be selected according to the intended use of the workpiece to be riveted. Diameter The diameter is to be selected depending on the required strength Length Length is to be selected depending upon the thickness of the components to be riveted Types and uses Snap head It is the most commonly used form, and it gives a very strong joint. Pan head It is used where strength is the only consideration such as heavy structural work . Conical head It is generally used in light assembly where riveting is done by hand hammering. Countersunk head It is used where projection of the rivet head is to be avoided. Bifurcated rivet The shape of the head is shown in the figure...
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