Iron hand rail


 

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Hot and cold working of metals

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. advantage and disadvantage of hot working metal . advantage and disadvantage of cold working of metal Working on metals This involves the manipulation of metals /materials when in the solid state Examples of working are forming, rolling, forging etc. Working processess can be classified Hot working Cold working  Hot working  Hot working is done at a suitable high temparature so that any damage to the grains is repaired. The temparature required varies from metal to metal. Examples of hot working Forging, rolling, extrusion et Advantage of hot working -hot working is relatively a low cost process -refinement of grain from cast structure is possible. -the scale givea some protection against corrosion during storage. After the process also the product will be in the fully annealed condition, suitable for further cold working. Disadvantage of hot working -poor surface finish is likely -dimensional inaccuracy is possible due to shrinkage on cooling -geometrical accuracy is possib...
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RIVET AND RIVETING

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Specify rivets The common types of rivets and state their uses Rivets are cylindercal rods having heads of various shapes. Theys are used for assembling the parts of a workpiece together. Specification of a rivet The rivet is specified by the shape of the head diameter, and the length. Shape of head The shape of the rivet head is to be selected according to the intended use of the workpiece to be riveted. Diameter The diameter is to be selected depending on the required strength Length Length is to be selected depending upon the thickness of the components to be riveted Types and uses Snap head It is the most commonly used form, and it gives a very strong joint. Pan head It is used where strength is the only consideration such as heavy structural work . Conical head It is generally used in light assembly where riveting is done by hand hammering. Countersunk head It is used where projection of the rivet head is to be avoided. Bifurcated rivet The shape of the head is shown in the figure...
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BENDING &TWISTING TOOLS FOR METALS

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The different bending tools The uses of twisting and scroll bending The prevention of defects in bending Bending✌👰 Bending is a method of chipless shaping by which the external grain structure is lengthened 👉while the internal grain structure is shortened. Types of bending Bending to curve Bending to an angle BENDING TOOLS Vice or anvil edge An angle bend may be hammering in a vice or over the edge of an anvil. Bending block Bending blocks with lever and pegs are very convenient to use in a smithy. These are massive blocks pierced with holes in which pegs can be inserted. The work to be bent is placed between a series of pegs, already inserted in the holes, and the work is bent with a lever. Tool inserted in a hardle hole Some of the bending tools, like ring, mandrel are inserted in the hole of the anvil for bending the workpieces Beak of the anvil Curving of the workpieces can also be carried out on the beak of the anvil Bending links Bending links with top fullers are used for smal...
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